Before an on-board unit is accepted by the customer, many formal tests must be carried out. Each device is first tested in the subcontractor`s factory before being mounted on the train. This is usually called First Inspection of Articles (FAI) and includes an inspector who compares specifications and designs with the actual product in front of him. In most cases, the device will receive some kind of dynamic test. This could include operating a gearbox on a test bench. B to check if it works properly or if it maintains the right temperature for the oil. When it comes to an electrical/electronic element, continuity or crusher trigger tests, etc., are carried out. Once the equipment arrives on the customer`s field, the final commissioning will take place. The second level of delivery, which has already been mentioned, begins at the end of commissioning, when all tests have been signed as "successful" and the customer is satisfied that he is receiving what he paid for. This delivery is usually made in the customer`s maintenance device and means that the rolling stock is ready for the turnover service. Now the warranty clock is starting to turn. The quality of materials is another area that should be fully respected by the rolling stock manufacturer. In addition to meeting the requirements of resistance, resistance and fire hardness, the failure of a structural component can have serious consequences for the operator and supplier.

It will be costly for a manufacturer to recall the bodies delivered to correct structural defects, as was the case in Singapore in 2016, where the Chinese supplier had to repair defective aluminum bodies. If one considers a truck designed for passenger vehicles to explain the manufacturing process, the different parts that make up the side frames are assembled and welded in a rotating device, then moved to a new device where the support or transom is welded on site, depending on the type of truck. It is not enough that something has happened; in most cases, the manufacturer must demonstrate the effect it has had on its ability to meet its obligations under the MSA and may also be required to demonstrate the mitigation measures it takes before the event is considered a back-up event (generally defined as an "authorized delay"). It is clear that the manufacturers concerned should consider mitigation measures, including consideration of other supply chain agreements and/or different methods of supplying components to their manufacturing and assembly facilities and locating alternative test sites. The scope of its mitigation commitments and the extent to which they must be implemented depend on the conditions of the MSA and the need for adequate effort, reasonable effort or best efforts to be implemented. The design is made with one or more packets of CAD (Computer Aided Design). These allow 2D and 3D modeling and allow the designer to test how to assemble or delete items for maintenance purposes. Much depends on good design management and accurate software management. A good CAD system produces a list of parts and produces machine tool programs that can be used in manufacturing processes. At the second station, the wiring will begin in earnest with the installation of control booths and electrical boxes and, eventually, cabin equipment and lighting.